Iron Blood Test

Iron Blood Test

An iron test measures the amount of iron in your blood. Iron is a crucial mineral necessary for producing hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. This test helps detect iron deficiency or overload, guiding diagnosis and treatment for conditions like anemia or hemochromatosis.

Why Is an Iron Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may recommend an iron test if you have symptoms of:
- Iron-deficiency anemia (e.g., fatigue, weakness, pale skin)
- Iron overload (e.g., joint pain, abdominal pain, chronic fatigue)
- Chronic conditions that affect iron metabolism
- Ongoing treatment for iron-related disorders

Types of Iron Tests

- **Serum Iron**: Measures iron in your blood.
- **TIBC (Total Iron-Binding Capacity)**: Measures transferrin's capacity to bind iron.
- **Transferrin Saturation**: Percentage of transferrin that is saturated with iron.
- **Ferritin**: Indicates the amount of stored iron in your body.

How the Test Is Performed

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. Fasting for 8–12 hours may be required to ensure accurate results. Iron levels can fluctuate throughout the day, so morning testing is common.

What Are Normal Iron Levels?

Normal ranges may vary slightly between labs. Typical values include:
- Serum iron: 60–170 mcg/dL
- TIBC: 240–450 mcg/dL
- Transferrin saturation: 20%–50%
- Ferritin: 12–300 ng/mL (men), 12–150 ng/mL (women)

What Do Abnormal Results Mean?

Low iron levels may indicate:
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Chronic blood loss
- Poor dietary intake or absorption

High iron levels may suggest:
- Hemochromatosis
- Repeated blood transfusions
- Excessive iron supplementation

Next Steps

Your provider will interpret your results in the context of other iron tests and symptoms. Treatment may include dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine underlying causes.