Hepatitis A Test – HAV Antibody

The Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Antibody test is used to detect antibodies in the blood that indicate a current or past infection with the hepatitis A virus. It is primarily used to diagnose recent or previous exposure to HAV and to assess immunity, either from past infection or vaccination.

1. What Is Hepatitis A?

• Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus.

• It spreads through ingestion of contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person.

• Unlike hepatitis B or C, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease and usually resolves on its own.

2. Why Is the HAV Antibody Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Diagnose recent or past HAV infection.

• Determine if a person has immunity to HAV (from past infection or vaccination).

• Screen individuals before vaccination or during outbreak investigations.

• Evaluate the cause of hepatitis symptoms (e.g., jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain).

3. Types of HAV Antibody Tests

• Anti-HAV IgM:

  - Detects antibodies that appear early in infection.

  - Indicates recent or active HAV infection (usually within the last 6 months).

• Anti-HAV Total (IgM + IgG):

  - Indicates past infection or vaccination and long-term immunity.

  - A positive result without IgM suggests previous exposure or immunization.

4. Interpreting Test Results

🔹 Positive Anti-HAV IgM:

• Indicates a current or very recent hepatitis A infection.

• Usually accompanied by symptoms of acute hepatitis.

🔹 Positive Anti-HAV Total but Negative IgM:

• Suggests past infection or successful vaccination.

• No active infection present.

5. What Can Affect HAV Antibody Test Results?

• Timing of the test (IgM may not be detectable very early or late in infection).

• Vaccination history or previous exposure to the virus.

• Immunocompromised status may delay antibody production.

6. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn from a vein.

• No fasting or special preparation is required.

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have symptoms of hepatitis (e.g., fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine).

• Were recently exposed to someone with hepatitis A.

• Need to determine your immunity before traveling to areas with high HAV risk.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ HAV antibody tests help diagnose hepatitis A and determine immunity status.

✅ IgM indicates recent infection; total antibodies show past infection or vaccination.

✅ Knowing your HAV status can guide vaccination and prevent further transmission.