HDL, Cholesterol (High-Density Lipoprotein)

The HDL Cholesterol test measures the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood. HDL is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for elimination. Higher HDL levels are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

1. What Is HDL Cholesterol?

• HDL is one of the major types of lipoproteins in the blood, along with LDL and VLDL.

• It plays a protective role by carrying cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver.

• HDL helps prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

2. Why Is the HDL Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Assess cardiovascular risk.

• Monitor lipid levels in people with high cholesterol or heart disease.

• Evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle changes or cholesterol-lowering treatments.

• Support diagnosis of lipid disorders.

3. HDL Cholesterol Reference Ranges

• Low (higher risk): < 40 mg/dL (men), < 50 mg/dL (women)

• Normal: 40 – 59 mg/dL

• Optimal (protective): ≥ 60 mg/dL

• Higher levels are generally better and associated with reduced heart disease risk.

4. How to Interpret HDL Results

🔹 Low HDL:

• Linked to increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

• May be influenced by poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, or obesity.

🔹 High HDL:

• Generally considered protective, though very high levels (> 100 mg/dL) may require further evaluation in some cases.

5. What Can Affect HDL Levels?

• Smoking (lowers HDL)

• Physical activity (raises HDL)

• Diet (healthy fats can improve HDL levels)

• Alcohol in moderation (may raise HDL)

• Genetics and underlying health conditions (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome)

6. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn, often as part of a lipid panel.

• Fasting may be required depending on the test panel being ordered.

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have low HDL levels and risk factors for heart disease.

• Need guidance on improving your lipid profile through diet, exercise, or medication.

• Have abnormal results from a cholesterol panel.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ HDL is the 'good' cholesterol that helps protect against heart disease.

✅ Higher levels are desirable and reflect better cardiovascular health.

✅ Healthy lifestyle choices can raise HDL and reduce heart disease risk.