Total Protein

The Total Protein test measures the combined amount of two major groups of proteins—albumin and globulin—in the blood. Proteins are essential for many bodily functions, including building and repairing tissues, transporting substances, fighting infections, and maintaining fluid balance.

1. What Is Total Protein?

• Total protein consists primarily of albumin and globulin.

• Albumin helps maintain fluid balance and transports substances like hormones and drugs.

• Globulins include antibodies and other proteins involved in immune function.

2. Why Is the Total Protein Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Assess nutritional status and overall health.

• Help diagnose liver or kidney disease.

• Evaluate causes of abnormal swelling, fatigue, or weight loss.

• Monitor chronic diseases, such as multiple myeloma or autoimmune disorders.

3. Total Protein Reference Range

• Normal range: 6.0 – 8.3 g/dL (grams per deciliter)

• Reference values may vary slightly depending on the lab.

4. Interpreting Total Protein Results

🔹 High Total Protein:

• May indicate chronic inflammation or infection, multiple myeloma, or dehydration.

• May also result from autoimmune diseases or liver conditions causing increased globulin production.

🔹 Low Total Protein:

• May suggest malnutrition, liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), kidney disease (protein loss), or digestive disorders (e.g., celiac disease).

5. What Can Affect Total Protein Levels?

• Hydration status (dehydration increases, overhydration decreases levels)

• Liver and kidney function

• Nutritional intake and malabsorption disorders

• Inflammatory or immune system activity

6. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn from a vein.

• Fasting is not usually required unless part of a comprehensive panel.

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have unexplained swelling, fatigue, or weight loss.

• Have liver or kidney conditions that may impact protein levels.

• Receive abnormal total protein results and require further testing.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ Total protein reflects overall protein balance and can indicate nutritional, liver, or kidney health.

✅ Abnormal levels may warrant additional tests to identify underlying causes.

✅ This test is often part of a comprehensive metabolic or liver panel.