Prolactin

The Prolactin test measures the level of prolactin hormone in the blood. Prolactin is produced by the pituitary gland and plays an important role in breast development and milk production during and after pregnancy. It also affects reproductive health in both women and men.

1. What Is Prolactin?

• Prolactin is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

• In women, it promotes breast development and stimulates milk production (lactation).

• In men and non-lactating women, prolactin has less defined roles but helps regulate reproductive hormones.

2. Why Is the Prolactin Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Investigate menstrual irregularities or infertility in women.

• Diagnose the cause of galactorrhea (unexpected milk production).

• Evaluate decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or infertility in men.

• Detect and monitor prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors (prolactinomas).

• Assess pituitary gland function.

3. Prolactin Reference Ranges

• Women (non-pregnant): 4.8 – 23.3 ng/mL

• Women (pregnant): up to 200 ng/mL or more

• Men: 4.0 – 15.2 ng/mL

• Reference ranges may vary slightly by lab.

4. Interpreting Prolactin Results

🔹 High Prolactin (Hyperprolactinemia):

• May be caused by prolactinoma (pituitary tumor), hypothyroidism, stress, or certain medications (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants).

• Can lead to irregular periods, infertility, breast milk production in non-pregnant women, and sexual dysfunction in men.

🔹 Low Prolactin:

• Less common and may be related to pituitary dysfunction.

• Could affect lactation in postpartum women.

5. What Can Affect Prolactin Levels?

• Physical or emotional stress

• Sleep, exercise, or recent meals (best measured in the morning after rest)

• Medications (e.g., antipsychotics, estrogen, opiates)

• Pituitary tumors or head trauma

6. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn, typically in the morning after resting.

• Fasting is not always required, but some providers may recommend it.

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have symptoms like unexpected lactation, missed periods, infertility, or vision problems.

• Are being evaluated for pituitary or hormonal disorders.

• Have a known pituitary tumor and need regular monitoring.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ Prolactin is a key hormone for reproductive health and lactation.

✅ Elevated levels may indicate pituitary tumors or hormonal imbalances.

✅ Proper testing and interpretation can help diagnose treatable causes of infertility and other endocrine issues.