Homocysteine

The Homocysteine test measures the level of homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that is normally present in small amounts. Elevated levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, blood clots, and stroke, and may indicate vitamin B deficiencies.

1. What Is Homocysteine?

• Homocysteine is an amino acid produced during the metabolism of methionine, an essential amino acid obtained from food.

• It is normally converted into other substances with the help of vitamins B6, B12, and folate.

• Elevated levels can damage blood vessels and are considered a risk factor for heart disease and other conditions.

2. Why Is the Homocysteine Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Assess the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

• Help diagnose vitamin B6, B12, or folate deficiencies.

• Monitor individuals with a personal or family history of heart disease or thrombosis.

• Evaluate the cause of blood clots or homocystinuria (a rare inherited disorder).

3. Homocysteine Reference Range

• Normal: 4 – 15 µmol/L

• Moderate elevation: 16 – 30 µmol/L

• Intermediate: 31 – 100 µmol/L

• Severe: > 100 µmol/L

• Ideal levels may vary slightly by lab and individual factors.

4. Interpreting Homocysteine Results

🔹 Elevated Homocysteine:

• Associated with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and blood clots.

• May indicate deficiencies in vitamin B6, B12, or folate.

• Requires further evaluation and possible supplementation or dietary changes.

🔹 Normal Homocysteine:

• Suggests adequate vitamin status and no increased cardiovascular risk from homocysteine.

5. What Can Affect Homocysteine Levels?

• Vitamin deficiencies (especially B6, B12, and folate)

• Genetic conditions (e.g., MTHFR mutation, homocystinuria)

• Kidney disease or hypothyroidism

• Smoking, aging, and certain medications (e.g., methotrexate, phenytoin)

6. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn from a vein.

• Fasting for 8–12 hours may be recommended for accurate results.

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Talk to your healthcare provider if you:

• Have a family history of cardiovascular disease or thrombosis.

• Are diagnosed with low B-vitamin levels or unexplained blood clots.

• Have elevated homocysteine and need treatment or lifestyle guidance.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ Homocysteine is a key marker for heart health and vitamin status.

✅ Elevated levels may increase cardiovascular risk and signal vitamin deficiencies.

✅ Early detection and proper treatment can help reduce related health risks.