Hepatitis C Antibody, Total

The Hepatitis C Antibody, Total test is used to detect antibodies against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the blood. This test identifies whether a person has been exposed to HCV at some point. It cannot differentiate between a current (active) or past (resolved) infection.

1. What Is the Hepatitis C Antibody Test?

• The test detects total antibodies (IgG and IgM) produced in response to HCV exposure.

• A positive result means the person has been infected with hepatitis C at some point.

• Further testing, such as HCV RNA (PCR), is required to confirm an active infection.

2. Why Is the Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Screen individuals at risk for hepatitis C infection (e.g., IV drug users, blood transfusion before 1992).

• Diagnose HCV infection in people with liver disease or abnormal liver tests.

• Identify past exposure or infection for epidemiological or occupational health purposes.

3. Interpreting Test Results

🔹 Positive (Reactive) Antibody Result:

• Indicates past or current infection with HCV.

• Requires confirmation with an HCV RNA test to determine if the virus is still present (active infection).

🔹 Negative (Non-reactive) Antibody Result:

• Indicates no evidence of past or current HCV infection.

• If recent exposure is suspected, repeat testing in 6–12 weeks may be necessary.

4. What Can Affect Test Accuracy?

• Early-stage infection (antibodies may not be detectable for 6–9 weeks after exposure).

• False positives may occur in low-risk populations—confirmatory testing is essential.

• Immunosuppressed individuals may have delayed or absent antibody response.

5. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm.

• No special preparation is typically required.

6. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have been exposed to hepatitis C (e.g., through shared needles, blood transfusions, or unprotected sex).

• Have symptoms of liver disease (e.g., fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain).

• Receive a positive antibody test result and need further evaluation.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ The Hepatitis C Antibody, Total test screens for exposure to HCV.

✅ A positive result means you’ve been infected at some point, but not necessarily currently infected.

✅ Confirmatory testing with HCV RNA is crucial to determine active infection status.