Hepatitis B Core Antibody, Total

The Hepatitis B Core Antibody, Total (anti-HBc, total) test detects both IgM and IgG antibodies to the core antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It helps determine whether a person has been exposed to hepatitis B at some point in their life. This test does not distinguish between recent and past infection but is used in conjunction with other hepatitis B markers.

1. What Is the Hepatitis B Core Antibody, Total?

• Anti-HBc total includes both IgM and IgG antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen.

• IgM indicates a recent or acute infection, while IgG indicates a past infection or chronic condition.

• Unlike the hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), anti-HBc total is not produced in response to the hepatitis B vaccine.

2. Why Is the Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Determine whether someone has been exposed to HBV at any time.

• Help distinguish between acute, chronic, and resolved hepatitis B infections (when interpreted with other markers such as HBsAg and anti-HBs).

• Screen blood donors to ensure safety of the blood supply.

• Evaluate unexplained liver enzyme elevation or hepatitis symptoms.

3. Interpreting Test Results

🔹 Positive Anti-HBc Total:

• Indicates prior or ongoing infection with hepatitis B virus.

• May be found in individuals with:

  - Acute hepatitis B (if IgM also present)

  - Chronic hepatitis B (if HBsAg also positive)

  - Resolved infection (if anti-HBs is positive and HBsAg is negative)

🔹 Negative Anti-HBc Total:

• Suggests no current or past exposure to hepatitis B.

• Individuals may still be susceptible to infection if not vaccinated.

4. What Can Affect Test Accuracy?

• Recent infection or window period (timing may affect antibody detectability).

• Immunosuppression or chronic conditions affecting immune response.

• False positives may occur in low-risk populations.

5. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is collected from a vein.

• No special preparation is usually required.

6. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have abnormal liver tests or symptoms of hepatitis (e.g., jaundice, fatigue).

• Are unsure of your hepatitis B vaccination or infection status.

• Have a positive anti-HBc total result and need further testing (e.g., HBsAg, anti-HBs).

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ The Hepatitis B Core Antibody, Total test identifies current or past exposure to HBV.

✅ It does not differentiate between acute and chronic infection on its own.

✅ Combined with other hepatitis B markers, it helps guide diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring.