Folate

The Folate test measures the level of folate (vitamin B9) in the blood. Folate is essential for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and proper cell division. This test is used to diagnose folate deficiency, which can lead to anemia and other health problems, especially in pregnant individuals and those with malabsorption issues.

1. What Is Folate?

• Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin (B9) found in leafy greens, fruits, and fortified grains.

• It plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and fetal development during pregnancy.

• Folate is absorbed in the small intestine and stored in the liver.

2. Why Is the Folate Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Diagnose folate deficiency anemia.

• Investigate symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, or mouth sores.

• Monitor folate levels in individuals with malabsorption conditions (e.g., celiac disease, Crohn’s disease).

• Assess nutritional status in pregnancy or alcohol dependence.

3. Folate Reference Range

• Normal range: 2.7 – 17.0 ng/mL

• Levels below 2.7 ng/mL suggest folate deficiency.

• Optimal levels may vary slightly between labs and depending on testing method.

4. How to Interpret Folate Results

🔹 Low Folate:

• Indicates folate deficiency, which can lead to megaloblastic anemia.

• Symptoms may include fatigue, pale skin, irritability, and difficulty concentrating.

• In pregnancy, deficiency increases the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.

🔹 High Folate:

• Usually due to supplementation or fortified foods.

• Rarely a concern but may mask vitamin B12 deficiency.

5. What Can Affect Folate Levels?

• Poor dietary intake or alcoholism

• Malabsorption syndromes (e.g., celiac disease)

• Certain medications (e.g., methotrexate, phenytoin)

• Increased needs during pregnancy or chronic disease

6. How Is the Test Performed?

• A blood sample is taken from a vein, usually without fasting unless ordered with other tests.

• May be combined with vitamin B12 testing to differentiate types of anemia.

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Show symptoms of anemia or vitamin deficiency (e.g., fatigue, mouth sores, mood changes).

• Are pregnant or trying to conceive and need to assess folate levels.

• Have a gastrointestinal disorder affecting nutrient absorption.

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ Folate is a vital nutrient for red blood cell production and DNA synthesis.

✅ Low levels can cause anemia and developmental risks in pregnancy.

✅ Testing is useful for diagnosing deficiency and guiding dietary or supplement needs.