Cholesterol, Total

The Total Cholesterol test measures the overall amount of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is vital for building cells, producing hormones, and aiding digestion. However, high levels of cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. This test is typically part of a lipid panel.

1. What Is Total Cholesterol?

• Total cholesterol includes the sum of:

  - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol – often called 'bad' cholesterol

  - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol – known as 'good' cholesterol

  - Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and other lipid components

• Cholesterol is produced by the liver and also obtained from dietary sources.

2. Why Is the Total Cholesterol Test Performed?

This test is used to:

• Screen for risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

• Monitor response to cholesterol-lowering treatment (e.g., statins).

• Evaluate lipid status as part of a routine health checkup.

• Identify individuals at risk for stroke or atherosclerosis.

3. Total Cholesterol Reference Ranges

• Desirable: < 200 mg/dL

• Borderline high: 200 – 239 mg/dL

• High: ≥ 240 mg/dL

• Ideal levels depend on age, sex, and overall cardiovascular risk profile.

4. How to Interpret Total Cholesterol Results

🔹 Desirable (< 200 mg/dL):

• Indicates lower risk for heart disease.

🔹 Borderline High (200–239 mg/dL):

• May require closer monitoring and lifestyle changes.

🔹 High (≥ 240 mg/dL):

• Associated with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and atherosclerosis.

5. What Can Affect Cholesterol Levels?

• Diet high in saturated fats and trans fats

• Physical inactivity

• Obesity or being overweight

• Smoking or excessive alcohol use

• Genetics (e.g., familial hypercholesterolemia)

• Certain medical conditions (e.g., hypothyroidism, diabetes)

6. How to Maintain Healthy Cholesterol Levels

• Eat a heart-healthy diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein)

• Exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week)

• Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Take cholesterol-lowering medications if prescribed

7. When to See a Doctor

🚨 Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Have total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL or other abnormal lipid values

• Have a family history of high cholesterol or early heart disease

• Are at risk for cardiovascular conditions or are already on treatment

🔹 Key Takeaways

✅ Total cholesterol reflects the combined levels of HDL, LDL, and other lipid particles in the blood.

✅ High cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.

✅ Lifestyle changes and/or medication can help manage cholesterol and protect heart health.